Governor



A. LlCHTE June 6, 1944.

GOVERNOR s Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April l, 1939 FUEL PUMP

I W lllllllllm fnverziar: Augusi Lb'cizie,

Aiiorn e Jun 6,11944, A; LI CHTE I GOVERNOR Filed A ril 1, 19:59

a Sheet s -Sheet 2 THERMDJTA 77C June 6, 19 44.

A. LICHTE GOVERNOR Filed April 1, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jrzven Zvw Aayuai Jab/2Z6,

,A'Zforraeys Patented June 6, 1944 August Lichte, Dessau-Alten, in the Alien Property Germany; vested Custodian Application April 1, 1939, Serial No. 265,597

In Germany April 9, 1938 12 Claims.

This invention relates to governors and particulariy to governors for the fuel injection mechanism of internal combustion engines. The invention is an improvement on the apparatus invented by Franz Neugebauer and myself as disclosed in United States application for Letters Patent Serial No. 181,292; filed December 23, 1937.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a governor which is responsive in difierent respects to difierent variable conditions of operation of the engine.

A structure has previously been known in which the rate or quantity of injection of a fuel injection mechanism has been varied in accordance with some physical value which varies during the operation of the engine, as, for instance, the suction in the intake manifold, which of course varies with the load on the engine. In addition, means have been provided for adjusting the ratio of suchregulation, such adjusting means having' been operated manually.

It has now been found that in many cases other physical values which vary during the operation of the engine must be taken into consideration in controlling the fuel injection mechanism. Such values may be, for example,

Fig. 1a shows a modification of the structure of Fig. 1; and v Figs. 2, 3 and .4 show, respectively, other modia portion of fied forms of the invention.

As shown in Fig. 1, the mechanism is intended to control the position of the control rod III of a conventional fuel injection mechanism 20,- such as an ordinary fuel pump. This rod is guided in a fixed guide 9 to slide longitudinally therein.

Theposition of the control rod I0 is accomplished from a rod 2 slidable in fixed guides-I and 4. Rod 2 is connected to a control mechanism I, including a piston 2| with which rod 2 is rigidly connected, a coil spring 22 urging the piston to the right, and a pipe 23 which may lead, for instance, to the intake manifold of the engine. It is obvious that variations in the intake pressure will vary the position of piston 2| and thereby of rod 2.

Rods 2 and iii are connected by a lever having two arms 6, 6a to which they are pivoted at I and 8, respectively. The center portion of the lever 6, 6a is slidably supported in a sleeve ll,

the speed of the engine, the temperature, the.

atmospheric pressure, the latter being particularly important in the case of aircraft engines which operate at rapidly changing altitudes. A

primary object of the invention is to provide a mechanism which automatically utilizes variations in'one or more of these physical values .to vary the rate, period or time of injection of the pump. 1

Particularly, the object of the invention is to provide such a device in which one of the physical values operates to vary the =fuel pump setting, while the other physical value operates to vary the ratio of transmission with which the force developed by the first value acts on the fuel pump. v

A further object of the invention is to provide a servo-motor for increasing the power exerted by the second physical value, to vary the transmission ratio.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description,-particularly when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which form a part thereof.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows in side elevation a mechanism embodying the invention;

mounted on a pivot 1 which of the lever.

The length of rod 2 may be adjusted by a turnbuckle mechanism l8.

Such a construction has been previously suggested, in which the pivot I is fixed or is adjustable manually. It has been found, however, that it is desirable to bring into play certain other values which vary during the operation of the engine, and to utilize these values also for controlling the fuel pump. It has further been found that these values may conveniently be used, not to act directly on one of the rods 2 and ill, but instead to shift the position of pivot I and thereby to vary the ratio of transmission between the rod 2 and the rod l0.

To accomplish this result pivot 1 is mounted on the end of a rod l2 slidably mounted in fixed guides I3, I 3a. Rod I2 is connected at its other member ill of a ballgovon a shaft driven by the forms the fulcrum The operation of this mechanismis asfollows:

As the speed of the engine varies, the position of balls H9 will vary and the rod I! will be shifted up or down, thus changing the position of. pivot 1. This varies the relative leverage of the arms 6 and 6a, and thus varies the .movement imparted to the rod Ill-by any given movement of the piston 2i and rod 2. At the same time, if the rod 2 remains stationary, movement of pivot lwillof course cause a corresponding duce an amplification of the power of the gov;-

, emor. In this modification, the movable member I" of the governor carries a rod 25 pivoted to a sleeve I32 'slidable on a lever 26. Lever 26 is pivoted at I23, and Mother end is pivotally connected through a sleeve I22 to rod I2. It is obvious that as long as the lever arm between pivot I29 and rod 25 is greater thanthe lever arm between pivot I29 and rod I2, a mechanical advantage is produced for the governor I I9. Clearly this advantage can be increased by further increasing the length of the first named arm over the second named arm.

Fig. 2 shows a modified form. In this construction, rod I2 is not of fixed length, but means are provided for adjusting its length, which may be desirable under certain conditions. For this purpose, the rod is provided with the threaded portions I22 and I23 connected by a threaded sleeve I2 I the whole structure constituting a turnbuckle by which the length of the rod may be modified. In this structure, rod 2 is of invariable length.

In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 3,

I two variable physical values are simultaneously taken into account in determining the position of pivot 1. This form differs from Fig. 3 in that between the lower end of rod I2 and the movable member I" of the governor there is inserted a bellows device I24, containing a gas or fluid under a predetermined pressure. It is obvious that by suitable construction of the member I24 its effective length will vary, either as a function of the atmospheric pressure or as a function ofthe atmospherlc temperature as desired. Thus both the speed of the engine and the pressure, or temperature, may be taken into account in controlling the fuel feed mechanism.

In some instances, the power exerted by the ball governor or by any other control device may be insuillcient to shift the pivot I. In such a case the mechanism shown in Fig. 4 may be used. This includes the use of a servo-motor to control the position of pivot I. Rod I2 is connected to a piston I26 movable in a cylinder 21, supplied by pipes. 28 from a valve chamber 29. A control valve I25 is slidable in the chamber 29, and is connected, for example,'to the.barometric capsule I24. Fluid under pressure is supplied-to the valve chamber 29, by a pump I21 from a suitable reservoir Return fluid flows through pipe 3| back to the reservoir. A'pressure relief valve 32 may be provided between the feed pipe 33 from pump I21 to valve chamber I29 and the return pipe 3|.

The operation of this latter cause a change in' the effective length of the barometric device I24, which will shift valve I25 in one direction or the other. This will permit the flow of fluid under pressure to one side or the other of the piston I26, and will thereby shift the rod I2. The fluid from the other side of the piston will of course return to the reservoir through pipe II. Although by the operation of this mechanism, the piston I26 will be fully displaced in one direction or the other so that pivot I is not adjustable to intermediate positions as in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, the device has advan-- tages in automatically regulating the fuel feed to an engine in response to changes in altitude.

. device should be so evident. Vai'iation in atmospheric pressure will Thus the capsule I24 will collapse at low altitudes to set automatically the fuel feed as for the takeon of an aircraft from the ground. when the aircraft has climbed to a high altitude and leveled oil for cruising. the expansion of capsule I24 will shift valve I25 so that a second fuel feed setting is obtained. In this instance it is not necessary to have intermediate fuel feed settings. The apparatus moreover demonstrates that where sensitive control instrumentalities are used, as the capsule I24, a servo-motor can advantageously be used therewith.

While I have described herein some embodiments of my invention I wish it to be understood that I do not intend to limit myself thereby except within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A device for automatically regulating a fuel injection mechanism for an engine in response to variables consisting of changes in engine speed, and atmospheric and manifold temperatures and pressures which aflect the operation of the engine while he engine is operating, comprising a movable control member for' said injection mechanism, an element movable in response to one of said variables, means connecting said element and said member to transmit movement therebetween, and means responsive to at least one other of said variables to vary the ratio of transmission of said connecting means.

2. A device for automatically regulating a fuel pump for an engine in response to variables consisting of changes in engine speed, and atmospheric and manifold temperatures and pressures which afiect the operation of the engine while the engine is operating, comprising a movable control member for said fuel pump, an element movable in response to variations in the load on the engine, means connecting said element and said member to transmit movement therebetween, and

means responsive to one other of said variables to vary the ratio of transmission of said connecting means.

3. In a device for automatically regulating a fuel pump in response to variables consisting of changes in engine speed, and atmospheric and manifold temperatures and pressures which affect the operation of the engine while the engine is operating, comprising a movable control member for said fuel pump, an element movable in response to one of said variables, and means connecting said element and said member to tram-- mit movement therebetween; said means including a lever operatively connected to said element and said member, and means responsive to another of said variables to vary the leverage ratio of said lever to change the ratio of transmission of said connecting means.

4. In a device for automatically regulating a fuel pump in response to variables consisting of changes in engine speed, and atmospheric and manifold temperatures and pressures which affect the operation of the engine while the engine is operating, comprising a movable control member for said fuel pump, an element movable in response to one of said variables, and means connecting said element and said member to transmit movement therebetween; said means including a lever operatively connected to said element and said member, means responsive to another of said variables to move the pivot point of said lever with respect to the points of connection of said element and said member to vary the ratio of transmission of said connecting means.

5. A device as in claim 1, said responsive means including a member movable in response to said other of said variables, and a second member the movement of which varies the transmission ratio of said connecting means, and force amplifying means operatively connecting said last two members.

6. In a device as in claim 4, said responsive 8. A device as in claim 1 said responsive means comprising a first member movable 'in response to said other of said variables, a second member the movement of which varies the transmission ratio of said connecting means, and a servo mo tor device operatively connecting said two members.

, 9. A device as in claim 1, said responsive means being responsive to a plurality of said variables.

10. In a fuel supply control apparatus for injection internal combustion engines a fuel injection pump having a fuel delivery adjustment member, a fluid pressure sensitive governor for controlling the speed of said engine and a centrifugal governor for controlling the speed of said engine only when the speed exceeds a predetermined value, a common control lever system positively connecting said fuel delivery adjustment member and said governors for transmitting the control movements of each of said governors independently from the other to said fuel delivery adjustment member, a yielding returning force in each governor operable through said lever system and tending to displace the fuel delivery adjustment member in the direction of increasing the fuel delivery amount, said governors and fuel delivery adjustment member being each connected by a pivot with said common control lever system, the connecting pivot of the one governor forming, while the other governor is in operation, a fixed pivot for said control lever system about which the control lever system swings when transmitting the control movements from the other of its points of connection to said governors degovernor to said fuel delivery adjustment member. i a

11. In a fuel supply control apparatus for injection internal combustion engines, a fuel injection pump having a fuel delivery adjustment member, a governor for controlling the speed of the engine and operated by fluid pressure which varies with the speed of the engine, a centrifugal governor for controlling the speed of said engine only when the speed exceeds a predetermined value, a yielding returning force such as a spring in each governor tending to displace the fuel delivery adjustment member in the direction of increasing the fuel delivery amount ofsaid injection pump, and control lever means positively connecting said fuel delivery adjustment memher and said governors for transmitting the control movements of each of said governors independently of the other to said fuel delivery ad'- justment member, said fuel 'delivery adjustment member being in pivotal connection with said control lever means, and pivots by which said governors are each connected to said control lever means, said control lever means being adapted to pivot about an axis passing through either one of its points of connection to said fiuid pressure and centrifugal governors according to the operation of said governors.

12. In a fuel supply control apparatus for injection internal combustion engines, an adjustable fuel control member, a floating lever connected to said fuel control member for adjustably moving the same, a fluid pressure sensitive govpredetermined value, each of said governors including a yieldable return force operable through said lever and tending to displace the fuel control member in the direction of increasing the fuel delivery amount, said lever being adapted to pivot .about an axis passing through either one pending on the operation of said governors.

AUGUST LICHTE. 

